HALICYCLOPIDAE Kiefer, 1927


HALICYCLOPS A. M. Norman, 1903

(syn.Hemicyclops Claus, 1893; Herouardia Labbé, 1927; Platycheiron Scott T., 1892


Halicyclops is a cosmopolitan genus of cyclopoid copepods of the subfamily Halicyclopinae including 99 species and 13 subspecies (Walter & Boxshall, 201; Fuentes-Reines & Suarez-Morales, 2018) widely distributed in several kind of surface brackish water bodies, tidal pools, lagoonal and estuarine coasts, anchialine caves, sinkholes, interstitial and sandy beaches habitats, as well as ponds and marshes.

The genus is most prolific in the Mediterranean, Caspian, Indian and African regions, with an endemism index of about 90%, less known in the North American and Australian areas. However recent research in W-Australia by Pesce et al. (1996a, 1996b); Pesce & De Laurentiis (1996); De Laurentiis et al., in press): Karanovic, 2004 are revealing a rich assemblage of species in this area.

The peculiar localizations of some species, such as H. (R.) caridophilus Humes, 1947 (Borneo), and the recently described H. (R.) tetracanthus Rocha, 1995 (Belize), H. (R.) cenoticola Rocha et al., 1998 (Yucatan, Mexico) and H. (R.) rochai De Laurentiis et al. (1999) (Australia), lead to link their distribution with the ancient Tethys Sea.

The number of taxa in the genus has been variously recognized, in past times, by numerous authors (Gurney, 1933; Kiefer, 1936; Lindberg, 1957; Wilson, 1958; Herbst, 1977-1987; Defaye & Dussart, 1988; Lotufo & Rocha, 1993; Rocha, 1995; Fiers, 1995). It is so far known from 75 described species and subspecies, most of them inahabiting surface brackish waters, very few species have been reported as exclusive freshwater forms (H. (H.) sinensis, H. (H.) blachei, H. (H.) aberrans, H. (H.) lindbergi, H. (H.) dussarti), twenty-six are subterranean and they can be found in different grounwater habitats, such as anchialine caves, sinkholes, wells and other various interstitial substrata. Species of Halicyclops can also be found on the body surface or in the tubes of polychaete worms; Halicyclops caridophilus lives in the gill chambers of the mud lobster Thalassina anomala.

Two undetermined species were reported by Plesa (1981) and Suarez et al. (1986) from Cuba and Mexico, respectively. Other questionable registers of European species are not considered herein.

Lists of morphological characteristics to be used in Halicyclops species identification have been given by Kiefer (1936), Lindberg (1949), Wilson (1958) and, more recently, by Rocha (1984) and De Laurentiis et al. (1999). Wilson (1958) and successively Rocha (1995) pointed out that " there is still much to be learned about this genus", and attention should be given, in the future species descriptions, to microcharacters such as the construction and armature of the antenna, antennula and mouthparts, as well as the setation of swimming legs and furcal rami.

However, taxonomic understanding of the genus has greatly improved during recent years on account of more accurate recognition of the above characters, as well as of formerly overlooked microcharacters, such as morphology and armature of the mouthparts, armature of setae and spines on the distal segment of the endopod of leg 4 and morphology of the hyaline fringe on urosomites, particularly the fourth one.

Particularly, Rocha (1984) called attention to the importance of the ornamentation of apical median setae of the furcal rami, suggesting their consideration in future species descriptions. More recently, the same Author (1993) reported a remarkable dimorphism in the male endopodites of legs 1-2, and the presence of spots ("refractile points") on the dorsal surface of H. (H.) maculatus.

More recently, De Laurentiis et al. (1999) pointed out the presence of spiniform setae on the paragnaths of H. (H.) rochai, up to this time reported only in misophrioid copepods (Huys & Boxshall, 1991) and in the cyclopoid genera Metacyclops and Mesocyclops (Holinska, in litt.), suggesting as well that this character, very likely present also in other cyclopoid copepods, could be somewhat variable and should be more carefully observed and illustrated in future species descriptions.

Recently, Karanovic (2006) divided the genus into two subgenera: Rochacyclops and Halicyclops s.str. The subgenus Rochacyclops at present includes five species:


  • H. (R.) caridophilus Humes, 1947 (Borneo)
  • H. (R.) tetracanthus Rocha, 1955 ( Belize)
  • H. (R.) cenoticola Rocha et al., 1998 (Yucatan, Mexico) (left)
  • H. (R.) rochai De Laurentiis et al. 1999 (Western Australia)
  • H. (R.) calm Karanovic, 2006 (W-Australia)


    • At present, on account of the spine formula of the exopod 3 of legs 1 to 4, the following morphological groups of species can be pointed out in the genus Halicyclops s.str.:


    A - Species with spine formula: 4 4 4 3

    B - Species with spine formula: 3 4 4 3

    C - Species with spine formula: 3 4 4 2

    D - Species with spine formula: 3 4 3 3

    E - Species with spine formula: 3 4 3 2

    F - Species with spine formula: 2 3 3 3

    G - Species with spine formula: 2 3 3 2

    H - Species with spine formula: 4 4 3 3


    The first group (A) include a single species, H. (H.) tenuispina Sewell, 1924, known from brackish waters of Northeastern India (Lake Tchilka). Nevertheless, the placement of this species is rather doubtful since Sewell reported a spine formula "4443", but figured an exopod of leg 4 with 4 external spines (!).


    THERMOPHILUS-GROUP

    Most species and subspecies fit the second group (B). Within this group a "thermophilus" complex, characterized by the presence of a well developed chitinous spiniform process on each side of the genital double-somite, the end of which is curved backward, has been suggested by Herbst (1983) and later on accepted by Pesce et al. (1996) and Baribwegure & Dumont (2000).

    The species of the group are characterized by the following other characteristics: inner distal margin of the basipodite of leg 1 devoid of setae; intercoxal sclerite of legs 1-4 glabrous; unmodified setae on the exopodes 2-3 of leg 4.

    Rocha (1991) recognized a group of species characterized by caudal setae bearing only setules as ornaments and these heteronomously distributed; fourth segment of female antennule less than twice as long as wide; inner spine of the second basipodite of P1 reaching at least midlength of the third endopod of that swimming leg.

    The group "B" presently includes comprises 75 species and subspecies:

  • H. (H.) antiguaensis Herbst, 1983 (West Indies: Bonaire, Antigua)
  • H. (H.) aquaesurgentis Bozic, 1964
  • H. (H.) ariakensis Ueda & Nagai, 2009 [Japan; estuaries]
  • H. (H.) dedeckeri Brownell, 1983 (Cape Town, South Africa)
  • H. (H.) gaviriai Suarez-Morales & Fuentes-Reines, 2014 (Colombia; lagoons)
  • H. (H.) harpacticoides (Shmankevich, 1875)
  • H. (H.) hurlberti Rocha, 1991 [Colombia ]
  • H. (H.) ishidai Tomikawa (Okinawa, Japan)
  • H. (H.) itohi Ueda & Nagai, 2012 [Japan; rivers]
  • H. (H.) japonicus Ito, 1956 (Japan)
  • H. (H.) lanceolatus Chang & Lee, 2012 [Korea; estuarine interstitial]
  • H. (H.) latus Shen & Tai, 1964 (China)
  • H. (H.) lutum Karanovic, 2008 [Australia; marine interstitial]
  • H. (H.) pumilis Chang & Lee, 2012 [Korea; estuarine interstitial]
  • H. (H.) setiformis Ueda & Nagai, 2012 [Japan; rivers]
  • H. (H.) songsonensis Tran, Le & Ho, 2016 [Central Vietnam; freshwaters]
  • H. (H.) soqotranus Baribwegure & Dumont, 2000 (Yemen, Island of Soqotra, Indian Ocean; interstitial)
  • H. (H.) spinifer Kiefer, 1935 (central Asia, India, Iran, Brazil, Australia; estuaries, coastal lagoons, crab holes)
  • H. (H.) thermophilus Kiefer, 1929 (Java, Western Samoa, Fiji, Madagascar)
  • H. (H.) uncus Hueda & Nagai, 2009 [Japan; river estuaries ]
  • H. (H.) venezuelaensis Lindberg, 1954 (Venezuela)

    • Within the same group a few species possess 8 setae (versus 5 setae in most species) along the lateral margin of the distal endopodal segment of the antenna, but this character has not always been reported in past descriptions. As far as I know, these species are:

  • H. (H.) caneki Fiers, 1995 (Yucatan, Mexico)
  • H. (H.) herbsti Rocha & Iliffe, 1993 (Bermuda) (left)
  • H. (H.) maculatus Rocha & Hakenkamp, 1993 (U.S.A., Brazil; estuaries, brackish marshes)

    • The remaining species of this group are characterized by the genital double-somite with or without blunt protuberances directed laterally.
    Among these species other useful distinguishing characters could be the length of the distal segment of the antenna, presence/absence of inner seta on endopod segment 3 of leg 4, presence/absence of denticulate hyaline frills on the posterior border of the urosomites, the morphology and the development of the pseudo-operculum, the length of the inner apical furcal setae, the number and length of setae and spines on the exopod of the leg 5, both in males and females, and the construction of leg 6 in both sexes.


  • H. (H.) ambiguus Kiefer, 1967 (Australia)
  • H. (H.) aquae surgentis Bozic, 1964 (Reunion Island)
  • H. (H.) bowmani Rocha & Iliffe, 1993 (Bermuda)
  • H. (H.) canuensis (Bourne, 1890)
  • H. (H.) clarkei Herbst, 1982 (U.S.A.)
  • H. (H.) cf. clarkei Herbst, 1982 (southern U.S.A., Panama, Brazil)
  • H. (H.) coulli Herbst, 1977 (U.S.A.)
  • H. (H.) crassicornis Herbst, 1955 (Brazil; coastal brackish lagoons)
  • H. (H.) cryptus Monchenko, 1979 (Azov sea)
  • H. (H.) cryptus secundus Monchenko & Polischuk, 1982 (Ukraine; Azov Sea)
  • H. (H.) dalmatinus Petkovski, 1955 (Yugoslavia, Italy)
  • H. (H.) denticulatus Kiefer, 1960 (Madagascar)
  • H. (H.) dussarti Rocha, 1995 (Brazil; fresh waters, rivers)
  • H. (H.) eberhardi De Laurentiis et al., 2001 (W-Australia)
  • H. (H.) electus Lindberg, 1943 (India)
  • H. (H.) exiguus Kiefer, 1934 (Haiti, Costarica, French Guiana, Brazil; coastal brackish lagoons)
  • H. (H.) gauldi Plesa, 1961 (Ghana)
  • H. (H.) glaber Rocha, 1983 (Brazil, Argentina; estuaries)
  • H. (H.) higoensis Ito, 1956 (Japan)
  • H. (H.) hurlberti Rocha, 1991 (U.S.A.; Mexico)
  • H. (H.) incognitus Herbst, 1962 (Great Britain)
  • H. (H.) kieferi Karanovic, 2004 (W-Australia)
  • H. (H.) konkanensis Lindberg, 1949 (India)
  • H. (H.) korodiensis Onabamiro, 1952 (Africa)
  • H. (H.) laciniatus Herbst, 1987 (Barbados)
  • H. (H.) lutum Karanovic, 2008
  • H. (H.) lindbergi Rocha, 1995 (Brazil; fresh waters, rivers)
  • H. (H.) longifurcatus Pesce et al., 1996 (Western Australia)
  • H. (H.) magniceps (Lilljeborg,, 1853) (Europe, Africa, China, North America, Mexico ?)
    [ synonyms: H. (H.) aequoreus Fisher, 1860 ; H. (H.) christianensis Kiefer, 1935]
  • H. (H.) neglectus Kiefer, 1935 (Europe, Asie, Africa, Madagascar, central America) *
  • H. (H.) oblongus Lindberg, 1951 (Caspian sea) **
  • H. (H.) oraeeburnensis Lindberg, 1957 (Ivory Coast, Brazil; coastal brackish waters)
  • H. (H.) oryzanus Defaye & Dussart, 1988 (Africa)
  • H. (H.) ovatus Rocha, 1984 (Brazil; estuaries)
  • H. (H.) paradenticulatus Rocha, 1984 (Brazil; estuaries)
  • H. (H.) pescei Karanovic, 2004 (W-Australia)
  • H. (H.) pilifer Lindberg, 1949 (India)
  • H. (H.) pilosus Rocha, 1984 (Brazil; estuaries)
  • H. (H.) pondoensis Wooldridge, 1977 (South Africa, Nigeria) ***
  • H. (H.) propinquus Sars, 1905 (New Zealand) ****
  • H. (H.) ramirezi Menu-Marque & Sorarrain, 2007 (Argentina; estuarine waters)
  • H. (H.) reidae Rocha & Hakenkamp, 1993 (U.S.A.)
  • H. (H.) reunionensis Bozic, 1964 (Reunion Island)
  • H. (H.) reunionis Kiefer, 1960 (Reunion Island)
  • H. (H.) robustus Lindberg, 1951 (Caspian sea) **
  • H. (H.) rotundipes rotundipes Kiefer, 1935 (Mediterranean region, Ukraine) *****
  • H. (H.) rotundipes putealis Kiefer, 1938 (south Italy)
  • H. (H.) rotundipes aralensis Borutzky, 1974 (Aral sea)
  • H. (H.) ryukyuensis Ito, 1962 (Japan)
  • H. (H.) septentrionalis (Kiefer, 1935) (Europe, Hait, Fiji islands; brackish waters, crab holes)
  • H. (H.) similis Kiefer, 1935 (Haiti, French Guiana, Brazil, Panama; estuaries, brackish lagoons)
  • H. (H.) stocki Herbst, 1962 ( Great Britain)
  • H. (H.) troglodytes Kiefer, 1954 (France, Balearic Islands, Italy, Yugoslavia, Sahara)
  • H. (H.) validus Monchenko, 1974 (Black sea)
  • H. (H.) verae Rocha, 1984 (Brazil, estuaries)
  • H. (H.) ytororoma Lotufo & Rocha, 1993 (Bermuda, Brazil; sandy beaches interstitial)

    Key to the species of Halicyclops belonging to Group “B” sensu Pesce et al. (1996) and Rocha (1991)


    Distribution of Halicyclops troglodytes Kiefer


    • * Dussart (1982) pointed out an exceptional individual variation of spine formula in specimens from Madagascar, viz. 3333, 3343 and 3433 !

    ** These species must be allocated to the genus Smirnoviella Monchenko, 1977, forming, together with Smirnoviella unisetosa Monchenko, 1982, the Caspian complex of the genus (Monchenko, in litt.).

    *** The register of this species from Nigeria by Boxshall & Braide (1991) is questionable since the Authors figured, as well as reported in their key, the presence of "backward-pointing , curved process" on genital double somite (thermophilus-complex?), on the contrary in the original description of the species the same somite is reported and figured as "genital segment with small protrusions on the anterior lateral margin"; moreover, in the same key the setae on the endopod of leg 4 are reported as normal, but in the original description, and figures, the first endopodal segment of the same leg is armed with a particular, different seta.

    **** The systematic status of this taxon is questionable. However, pending a revision of the complex "magniceps-aequoreus" , it should be considered provisionally a valid taxon (Plesa, in litt.).

    ***** Plesa (1956, 1963), Wilson (1958) and Damian Georgescu (1963) consider H. (H.) rotundipes synonym of H. (H.) neglectus. Other Authors (Wooldridge, 1977; Monchenko, 1979; Dussart & Defaye, 1985; Rocha, 1995) do not share this opinion.


    The group "C" include three species, viz. H. (H.) fosteri Wilson, 1958, known from Lousiane (U.S.A.), and H. (H.) setifer Lindberg, 1950 and H. (H.) sarsi Akatova, 1935 , both from Caspian sea. However, the last species, after a more accurate examination, revealed to be a senior synonym of H. (H.) setifer (Monchenko, in litt.; Monchenko, 2006). In the same occasion the A. synonimized the species H. pygmaeus Sars, 1927 (nomen nudum) with H. sarsi.

    At the group "D" belong five taxa: H. (H.) brevispinosus meridionalis Herbst, 1953, from Romania, Black sea, Azov sea ; H. (H.) laminifer Herbst, 1982, from U.S.A.; H. (H.)sinensis (Kiefer,1928), from China and Japan ; H. (H.) exiguus sensu Defaye & Dussart, 1988 (French Guyana); Halicyclops continentalis Hueda & Nagai, 2009 [Japan; river estuaries] ;

    A single species, H. (H.) blachei Lindberg, 1952 (Cambogia) fits the group "E".

    The group "F" is represented by five species: H. (H.) brevispinosus Herbst, 1952 (Germany), H. (H.) tageae Lotufo & Rocha, 1993 ( Brazil; marine interstitial waters) , H. (H.) canui Lindberg, 1941 (India) and H. (H.) pusillus Kiefer, 1954 (Madagascar), Halicyclops gutierrezi Fuentes Reines & Suarez Morales, 2019 [estuarine waters; Colombia]

    The group "G" includes a single species, viz. H. (H.) aberrans Rocha, 1983, known for Brazil and French Guiana . Wilson (1958) reported the formula "2332" as an exception in H. (H.) fosteri.

    The last group (H) includes as well a single species, viz. H.(H.) lutum Karanovic, 2008 from Australia.

    NO SUBGENUS DEFINED

  • Halicyclops christianensis (Boeck, 1872) accepted as Halicyclops magniceps (Lilljeborg, 1853)
  • Halicyclops itohi Ueda & Nagai, 2012
  • Halicyclops longispinosus Monchenko, 1974 accepted as Colpocyclops longispinosus (Monchenko, 1974)
  • Halicyclops martinezi Rao Totakura T.V. & Ranga Reddy Y. 2015. [India; groundwaters]
  • Halicyclops pumilus Chang & Lee, 2012
  • Halicyclops salinarum Gurney, 1927 (= Neocyclops salinarum (Gurney, 1927)
  • Halicyclops souzacruzae Rocha C.E.F., 1981
  • Halicyclops thysanotus Wilson C.B., 1935
  • Halicyclops wilsoni Mahoon & Zia, 1985

    LITERATURE

    BARIBWEGURE D. & H. (H.)J DUMONT. 2000. Some freshwater cyclopoids (Crustacea: Copepoda) of the island of Soqotra (Indian Ocean), with the description of three new species. Internat. Rev. Hydrobiol., 85 (4): 471-489.

    DE LAURENTIIIS P., G.L.PESCE & W.F. HUMPHREYS. 1999. Copepods from ground waters of Western Australia, IV. Cyclopids from basin and craton aquifer (Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopidae). Rec. West. Austr. Mus., 19: 243-257.

    DE LAURENTIIIS P., G.L.PESCE & W.F. HUMPHREYS. 2001. Copepods from ground waters of Western Australia, VI. Cyclopidae (Crustacea: Copepoda) from the Yilgarn region and the Swan Coastal Plain. Rec. West. Austr. Mus. (2000).

    FIERS F. 1995. Halicyclops caneki n. sp. (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) from Celestun lagoon (Yucatan, Mexico). Belg. J. Zool., 125 (2): 301-303.

    HERBST H. (H.)V. 1982. Drei neue Cyclopoida Gnathostoma (Crustacea:Copepoda) aus dem nordamerikanischen KüstenbereicH. (H.) Gewässer und Abwässer, 68/69: 107-124.

    KARANOVIC T. 2004. Subterranean copepods (Crustacea, Copepoda) from arid Western Australia. Crustaceana, Monographs, 3, pp.366

    KARANOVIC T. 2008. Marine Interstitial Poecilostomatoida and Cyclopoida (Copepoda) of Australia. Crustaceana Monographs, vol. 9.

    LINDBERG K. 1957. Cyclopides (Crustacés copépodes) de la Cote d'Ivoire.. Bull. I.F.A.N., 19, ser.A (1):134-179.

    LOTUFO G. R. & C. E. F. ROCHA. 1993. Intertidal interstitial Halicyclops from the Brazilian coast (Copepoda: Cyclopoida). Hydrobiologia, 264: 175-184.

    MENU-MARQUE S. & D. SORARRAIN, 2007. The southernmost South American record of the genus Halicyclops Norman, 1903 (Cyclopoida: Cyclopidae) with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 1607: 47–55

    MIRABDULLAYEV, I.M. & I.A. GETZ. 1996. Halicyclops spinifer (Kiefer, 1935) (Crustacea, Copepoda) - a tropical species, new to the fauna of Central Asia. Doklady Akademii Nauk Respubliki Uzbekistan, 4:43-44.

    PESCE G. L., P. DE LAURENTIIS & W.F. HUMPHREYS. 1996. Copepods from ground waters of Western Australia. II. The genus Halicyclops (Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopidae). Rec. West. Austr. Mus., 18: 77-85.

    RAO TOTAKURA T.V. & RANGA REDDY Y. 2015. Groundwater cyclopoid copepods of peninsular India, with description of eight new species. Zootaxa 3945 (1): 001–093.

    REID J. 1985. Chave de identificação e lista de referências bibliográficas para as especies continentais sul-americanas de vida livre da ordem Cyclopoida (Crustacea, Copepoda). Bolm Zool, Univ. S. Paulo 9: 17-143.

    ROCHA C.E.F. 1991. A new species of Halicyclops (Copepoda, Cyclopidae) from California, and a revision of some Halicyclops material in the collections of the US Museum of Natural History. Hydrobiologia, 226: 29-37.

    ROCHA C.E.F. 1995. Copepods of the genus Halicyclops (Cyclopidae) from Belize. Hydrobiologia, 308: 1-11.

    ROCHA C.E.F. 1995. Two new species of Halicyclops (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) from the Amazon Basin, Brazil. Hydrobiologia, 315: 167-175.

    ROCHA C.E.F. & C. C. HAKENKAMP. 1993. New species of Halicyclops (Copepoda Cyclopidae) from the United States of America. Hydrobiologia, 259: 145-156.

    ROCHA C. E. F. & M. ILIFFE. 1993. New cyclopoids (Copepoda) from anchialine caves in Bermuda. Sarsia, 78:43-56.

    ROCHA C.E.F. , T.M. ILIFFE, J.W. REID & E. SUAREZ-MORALES. 1998. A new species of Halicyclops (Copepoda:Cyclopoida:Cyclopidae) from cenotes of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, with an identification key for the species of the genus from the Caribbean region and adjacent areas. Sarsia, 83:387-399.

    ROCHA C.E.F. , T.M. ILIFFE, J.W. REID & E. SUAREZ-MORALES. 2000. Prehendocyclops, a new genus of the subfamily Halicyclopinae (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Cyclopidae) from cenotes of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Sarsia, 85: 119-140.

    SUAREZ_MORALES & FUENTES-REINES, 2014. A new species of Halicyclops (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Cyclopidae) from a lagoon system of the Caribbean coast of Colombia. ZooKeys 459: 35–47

    HUEDA H. & H. NAGAI, 2009.Three new species of the brackish-water copepod Halicyclops (Crustacea, Cyclopoida) from Ariake Bay, Japan. Journal of Natural History, Volume 43, Issue 5 & 6 February 2009 , pages 287 - 307

    WILSON M. S. 1958. The copepod genus Halicyclops in North America, with description of a new species from Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana, and the Texas coast. Tulane Studies in Zoology, 6 (4): 176-189.

    WOOLDRIDGE T. 1977. A new species of Halicyclops (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) from estuaries in Transkei, Southern Africa. Ann. S. Afr. Mus., 73 (10): 361-371.



    SCIENTISTS WHO ACTUALLY WORK ON HALICYCLOPS


    BARIBWEGURE D.
    Laboratory of Animal Ecology, department of Biology
    University of Ghent, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent (Belgium)

    DUMONT H. (H.) J.
    Laboratory of Animal Ecology, department of Biology
    University of Ghent, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent (Belgium)

    FIERS FRANK
    Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences
    Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels - Belgium
    E-mail: frankfiers@kbinirsnb.be

    HERBST H. (H.)V.
    Distelweg 1
    4150 Krefeld 29 - Germany

    ILIFFE THOMAS M.
    Department of Marine Biology - Texas A&M University at Galveston
    Galveston, TX 77553-1675
    Phone: 409 740-4454 Fax: 409 740-5001
    e-mail: iliffet@tamug.tamu.edu
    http://www.marinebiology.edu/iliffe.html

    KARANOVIC T.
    University of Tasmania - School of Zoology
    Private Bag 5, Hobart - Tasmania 7001
    e-mail: tomislav.karanovic@utas.edu.au

    MONCHENKO V.
    Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology - Ukrainian Nat. Acad. of Sciences
    B.Khmelnits'kogo 15, Kiev-30, UKRAINE
    Tel: (380-44) 225-10-70;: Fax: (380-44) 224-15-69
    e-mail: root@iz.freenet.kiev.ua

    PESCE GIUSEPPE L.
    Via Santa Maria al Colle, 131/B - 67019 L'Aquila (Italy)
    mobile: 39-333-8769242
    e-mail: giuseppelucio.pesce@gmail,com
    www.luciopesce.net
    www.luciopesce.net/copepods

    REID JANET W.
    JWR Associates
    1100 Cherokee Court, Martinsville, Virginia
    24112-5318 - USA
    Tel. +1 276 656 6719 fax +1 276 656 6701
    e-mail: jwrassociates@sitestar.net

    ROCHA CARLOS E.
    Departamento de Zoologia IBUSP
    Caixa Postal 11461 - 05422-970 Sao Paulo, Brazil
    Fax: 0055-11-8187416; e-mail: cefrocha@usp.br

    SUAREZ-MORALES EDUARDO
    ECOSUR, El Colegio de Frontera Sur
    Unidad Chetumal, Apdo Postal 424
    Chetumal, Q. Roo - 77000 Mexico


    LINK TO THE COPEPOD WORLD AT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

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