"Monstrilloids are semi-parasitic copepods with a complex life cycle that includes an endoparasitic juvenile phase and a free-living planktonic adult phase. Early infective nauplii are also planktonic, but soon infect hosts. Juveniles are known to infect various marine invertebrates such as polychaetes, mollusks, and sponges (Boxshall and Halsey 2004; Huys et al. 2007; Suárez-Morales et al. 2014). Adults are generally scarce in open marine water, but are known to occur frequently in reef environments, especially at nighttime (Sale et al. 1976; Sekiguchi 1982; Suárez-Morales 2001; Grygier and Ohtsuka 2008).The order Monstrilloida Sars, 1901 currently contains a single family, Monstrillidae Dana, 1849, consisting of about 160 nominal species in six valid genera: Monstrilla Dana, 1849; Cymbasoma ? T
ompson, 1888; Monstrillopsis Sars, 1921; Maemonstrilla Grygier & Ohtsuka, 2008; Australomonstrillopsis Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016; and Caromiobenella Jeon, Lee & Soh, 2018" (from Jeon et al., 2019) 
MONSTRILLIDAE Dana, 1849
AUSTRALOMONSTRILLOPSIS Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2014
Australomonstrillopsis crassicaudata Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2014
CAROMIOBENELLA Jeon, W Lee & Soh, 2018
Caromiobenella arctica (Davis & Green, 1974)
Caromiobenella brasiliensis (Dias & Suárez-Morales, In: Suárez-Morales & Dias, 2000)
Caromiobenella castorea Jeon, W Lee & Soh, 2018
Caromiobenella hamatapex (Grygier & Ohtsuka, 1995)
Caromiobenella helgolandica (Claus, 1863)
Caromiobenella ohtsukai Jeon, W Lee & Soh, 2019
Caromiobenella patagonica (Suárez-Morales, Ramírez & Derisio, 2008)
Caromiobenella polluxea Jeon, W Lee & Soh, 2018
Caromiobenella pygmaea (Suárez-Morales, 2000)
Caromiobenella serricornis (Sars G.O., 1921)
CYMBASOMA Thompson I.C., 1888
Cymbasoma agoense Sekiguchi, 1982
Cymbasoma alvaroi Suárez-Morales & Carrillo, 2013
Cymbasoma annulocolle Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016
Cymbasoma apicale Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016
Cymbasoma astrolabe Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016
Cymbasoma bali Desai & Krishnaswamy, 1962
Cymbasoma belizense Suárez-Morales, Vasquez-Yeomans & Santoya, 2020
Cymbasoma bidentatum Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016
Cymbasoma bitumidum Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016
Cymbasoma boonwurrungorum Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2014
Cymbasoma bowmani Suárez-Morales & Gasca, 1998
Cymbasoma boxshalli (Suárez-Morales, 1993)
Cymbasoma buckleyi Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016
Cymbasoma bullatum (Scott A., 1909)
Cymbasoma californiense Suárez-Morales & Palomares-Garcia, 1999
Cymbasoma chelemense Suárez-Morales & Escamilla, 1997
Cymbasoma cheni Lian & Tan, 2019
Cymbasoma clairejoanae Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016
Cymbasoma claparedei (Giesbrecht, 1892)
Cymbasoma clauderazoulsi Suárez-Morales, Goruppi, de Olazabal & Tirelli, 2017
Cymbasoma cocoense Suárez-Morales & Morales-Ramírez, 2009
Cymbasoma colefaxi Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016
Cymbasoma concepcionae Suárez-Morales & Morales Ramírez, 2003
Cymbasoma constrictum Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016
Cymbasoma dakini Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016
Cymbasoma danae (Malaquin, 1896)
Cymbasoma davisi Suárez-Morales & Pilz, 2008
Cymbasoma fergusoni Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016
Cymbasoma filogranarum Malaquin, 1901 (syn. Monstrilla filogranarum (Malaquin, 1901)
Cymbasoma frondipes Isaac in Grygier & Suárez-Morales, 2018
Cymbasoma galerus Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016
Cymbasoma germanicum (Timm, 1893)
Cymbasoma ghardaqanum (Isaac, 1975)
Cymbasoma gigas (Scott A., 1909)
Cymbasoma gracile Gurney, 1927
Cymbasoma guererrense Suárez-Morales, 2009
Cymbasoma janetae Mageed, 2010
Cymbasoma javense Suárez-Morales, in Grygier & Suárez-Morales, 2018 (pro Monstrilla javensis Isaac, 1974a, nomen nudum)
Cymbasoma jinigudira Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016
Cymbasoma leighrandalli Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016
Cymbasoma lenticula Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016
Cymbasoma longispinosum (Bourne, 1890)
Cymbasoma lourdesae Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016
Cymbasoma malaquini (Caullery & Mesnil, 1914)
Cymbasoma marioeduardoi Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016
Cymbasoma markhasevae Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016
Cymbasoma mcalicei Suárez-Morales, 1996
Cymbasoma mediterranea Suárez-Morales, Goruppi, de Olazabal & Tirelli, 2017
Cymbasoma morii Sekiguchi, 1982
Cymbasoma nicolettae Suárez-Morales, 2002
Cymbasoma norvegicum Morales & Mercado Salas, 2023 [North Atlantic]
Cymbasoma pallidum (Isaac, 1974)
Cymbasoma paraconstrictum Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016
Cymbasoma pedroi Morales & Mercado Salas, 2023 [North Atlantic]
Cymbasoma pseudobidentatum Suárez-Morales, Goruppi, de Olazabal & Tirelli, 2017
Cymbasoma pseudoquadridens Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016
Cymbasoma quadridens Davis, 1947
Cymbasoma quintanarooense (Suárez-Morales, 1994)
Cymbasoma rafaelmartinezi Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016
Cymbasoma reticulatum (Giesbrecht, 1893)
Cymbasoma rigidum Thompson I.C., 1888
Cymbasoma rochai Suárez-Morales & Dias, 2001
Cymbasoma roscovita (Malaquin, 1901) (syn. Monstrilla roscovita (Malaquin, 1901)
Cymbasoma rostratum (Scott T., 1904)
Cymbasoma similirostratum (Isaac, 1974)
Cymbasoma sinopense Üstün, Terbiyik & Suárez-Morales, 2014
Cymbasoma solanderi Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016
Cymbasoma specchii Suárez-Morales, Goruppi, de Olazabal & Tirelli, 2017
Cymbasoma striatum Isaac, 1974
Cymbasoma striifrons Chang, 2012
Cymbasoma strzeleckii Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016
Cymbasoma tenue (Isaac, 1974) [PDF2]
Cymbasoma tergestinum Suárez-Morales, Goruppi, de Olazabal & Tirelli, 2017
Cymbasoma tharawalorum Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016
Cymbasoma thompsonii (Giesbrecht, 1893)
Cymbasoma tirmiziae Khan & Kamaran, 1974
Cymbasoma tranteri Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2016
Cymbasoma tropicum (Wolfenden, 1906)
Cymbasoma tumorifrons (Isaac, 1975)
Cymbasoma turcorum Suárez-Morales & Ustun, 2018
Cymbasoma williamsoni Khan, 1975
Cymbasoma zetlandicum (Scott T., 1904)
THAUMALEUS Kroyer 1849 (?)
Thaumaleus bernardensis Wlley, 1920 (?)
Thaumaleus frondipes Isaac
Thaumaleus germanicus Vervoort, 1988(?)
Thaumaleus gigas Scott 1909 (?)
MAEMONSTRILLA Grygier & Ohtsuka, 2008
Maemonstrilla crenulata Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2014
Maemonstrilla hoi Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2014
Maemonstrilla hyottoko Grygier & Ohtsuka, 2008
Maemonstrilla longipes (Scott A., 1909)
Maemonstrilla ohtsukai Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2014
Maemonstrilla okame Grygier & Ohtsuka, 2008
Maemonstrilla polka Grygier & Ohtsuka, 2008
Maemonstrilla protuberans Suárez-Morales & McKinnon, 2014
Maemonstrilla simplex Grygier & Ohtsuka, 2008
Maemonstrilla spinicoxa Grygier & Ohtsuka, 2008
Maemonstrilla turgida (Scott A., 1909)
MONSTRILLA Dana, 1849 (syn. Haemocera Malaquin, 1896; Strilloma Grygier & Suárez-Morlaes, 2018; Thaumaleus Krřyer, 1849;Thaumatoessa Krřyer, 1845; Thaumatoessa Hesse, 1868;
Thaumatohessia Giard, 1900
Monstrilla anglica Lubbock, 1857
Monstrilla angustipes (Isaac, 1974)
Monstrilla annulata Suarez Morales, 2024 [Mexico]
Monstrilla arctica Davis & Green, 1974 (syn. Caromiobenella arctica (Davis & Green, 1974)
Monstrilla armoricana (Hesse, 1868)
Monstrilla bahiana Suárez-Morales & Dias, 2001
Monstrilla barbata Suárez-Morales & Gasca-Serrano, 1992
Monstrilla bernardensis (Willey, 1920) (syn. Monstrillopsis bernardensis (Willey, 1920)
Monstrilla boxshalli (Suárez-Morales, 1993) (syn. Cymbasoma boxshalli (Suárez-Morales, 1993)
Monstrilla brasiliensis Suárez-Morales & Dias, 2000 (syn. Caromiobenella brasiliensis (Dias & Suárez-Morales, In: Suárez-Morales & Dias, 2000)
Monstrilla brevicornis Isaac, 1974
Monstrilla bullata (Scott A., 1909) (syn. Cymbasoma bullatum (Scott A., 1909)
Monstrilla careli Suárez-Morales & Dias, 2000
Monstrilla careloides Suárez-Morales, 2001
Monstrilla chetumalensis Suárez-Morales & Castellanos-Osorio, 2014
Monstrilla ciqroi (Suárez-Morales, 1993)
Monstrilla claparedei (Giesbrecht, 1892) (syn. Cymbasoma claparedei (Giesbrecht, 1892)
Monstrilla conjunctiva Giesbrecht, 1902
Monstrilla cymbula Scott A., 1909
Monstrilla danae Claparčde, 1863 (syn. Thaumaleus thompsoni Giesbrecht, 1893)
Monstrilla dubia Scott T., 1904 (syn. Monstrillopsis dubia (Scott T., 1904)
Monstrilla elongata Suárez-Morales, 1994
Monstrilla filogranarum (Malaquin, 1901)
Monstrilla floridana Davis, 1949
Monstrilla fosshageni Suárez-Morales & Dias, 2001 (syn. Monstrillopsis fosshageni Suárez-Morales & Dias, 2001)
Monstrilla frondipes (Isaac, 1975) (syn. Cymbasoma frondipes Isaac in Grygier & Suárez-Morales, 2018)
Monstrilla ghirardellii Suárez-Morales, Goruppi, de Olazabal & Tirelli, 2017
Monstrilla germanica (Timm, 1893) (syn. Cymbasoma germanicum (Timm, 1893)
Monstrilla ghardaqana (Isaac, 1975) (syn. Cymbasoma ghardaqanum (Isaac, 1975)
Monstrilla gibbosa Suárez-Morales & Palomares-García, 1995
Monstrilla gigas (Scott A., 1909) (syn. Cymbasoma gigas (Scott A., 1909)
Monstrilla globosa Suárez-Morales, 2003
Monstrilla gracilicauda Giesbrecht, 1893
Monstrilla grandis Giesbrecht, 1891
Monstrilla grygieri Suárez-Morales, 2000
Monstrilla hamatapex Grygier & Ohtsuka, 1995 (syn. Caromiobenella hamatapex (Grygier & Ohtsuka, 1995)
Monstrilla helgolandica Claus, 1863 (syn. Caromiobenella helgolandica (Claus, 1863)
Monstrilla humesi Suárez-Morales, 2001
Monstrilla ilhoii Lee, J. & Chang, 2016
Monstrilla inserta Scott A., 1909
Monstrilla investigatoris Sewell, 1949
Monstrilla javense Suárez-Morales in Grygier & Suárez-Morales, 2018
Monstrilla lata Desai & Bal, 1962
Monstrilla leucopis Sars G.O., 1921
Monstrilla longa (Isaac, 1974)
Monstrilla longicornis Thompson I.C., 1890
Monstrilla longipes Scott, 1909 (?)
Monstrilla longiremis Giesbrecht, 1893
Monstrilla longispinosa Bourne, 1890 (syn. Cymbasoma longispinosum (Bourne, 1890)
Monstrilla mahahualensis Suarez Morales 2'22 [Caribbean]
Monstrilla malaquini (Caullery & Mesnil, 1914) (syn. Cymbasoma malaquini (Caullery & Mesnil, 1914)
Monstrilla mariaeugeniae Suárez-Morales & Islas-Landeros, 1993
Monstrilla marioi Suárez-Morales, 2003
Monstrilla minuta Isaac, 1975
Monstrilla mixta Scott T., 1914
Monstrilla nasuta Davis & Green, 1974
Monstrilla nicholsii Davis, 1949
Monstrilla obesa Isaac, 1975
Monstrilla orcula Scott A., 1909
Monstrilla pallida (Isaac, 1974) (syn. Cymbasoma pallidum (Isaac, 1974)
Monstrilla papilliremis Isaac, 1975
Monstrilla pustulata Suárez-Morales & Dias, 2001
Monstrilla pygmaea Suárez-Morales, 2000 (syn. Caromiobenella pygmaea (Suárez-Morales, 2000)
Monstrilla quintanarooensis (Suárez-Morales, 1994) (syn. Cymbasoma quintanarooense (Suárez-Morales, 1994)
Monstrilla quadridens (Davis, 1947) (syn. Cymbasoma quadridens Davis, 1947)
Monstrilla rebis Suárez-Morales, 1993
Monstrilla reidae Suárez-Morales, 1993
Monstrilla reticulata Davis, 1949 (syn. Monstrillopsis reticulata (Davis, 1949)
Monstrilla rigida Thompson I.C., 1888 (syn. Cymbasoma rigidum Thompson I.C., 1888)
Monstrilla roscovita (Malaquin, 1901)
Monstrilla rostrata (Scott T., 1904) (syn. Cymbasoma rostratum (Scott T., 1904)
Monstrilla rugosa Davis, 1947
Monstrilla satchmoi Suárez-Morales & Dias, 2001
Monstrilla scotti Isaac, 1975 in Grygier & Suárez-Morales, 2018
Monstrilla similirostrata (Isaac, 1974) (syn. Cymbasoma similirostratum (Isaac, 1974)
Monstrilla serricornis Sars G.O., 1921 (syn. Caromiobenella serricornis (Sars G.O., 1921)
Monstrilla spinosa Park, 1967 (syn. Spinomonstrilla spinosa (Park, 1967)
Monstrilla striata (Isaac, 1974) (syn. Cymbasoma striatum Isaac, 1974)
Monstrilla tenuis (Isaac, 1974) (syn. Cymbasoma tenue (Isaac, 1974)
Monstrilla tropica (Wolfenden, 1906) (syn. Cymbasoma tropica (Wolfenden, 1906)
Monstrilla thompsonii (Giesbrecht, 1892) (syn. Cymbasoma thompsonii (Giesbrecht, 1893)
Monstrilla tumorifrons (Isaac, 1974) (syn. Cymbasoma tumorifrons (Isaac, 1975)
Monstrilla turgida Scott A., 1909 (syn. Maemonstrilla turgida (Scott A., 1909)
Monstrilla typica (Krřyer, 1849)
Monstrilla viridis Dana, 1849
Monstrilla wandelii Stephensen, 1913
Monstrilla xcalakensis Suarez Morales, 2024 [Mexico]
Monstrilla zetlandica (Scott T., 1904) (syn. Cymbasoma zetlandicum (Scott T., 1904)
MONSTRILLOPSIS Sars G.O., 1921
Monstrillopsis angustipes Isaac, 1974 (syn. Monstrilla angustipes (Isaac, 1974)
Monstrillopsis bernardensis (Willey, 1920)
Monstrillopsis boonwurrungorum Surarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2014
Monstrillopsis cahuitae Suárez-Morales & Carrillo, 2013
Monstrillopsis chathamensis Suárez-Morales & Morales-Ramírez, 2009
Monstrillopsis chilensis Suárez-Morales, Bello-Smith & Palma, 2006
Monstrillopsis ciqroi Suárez-Morales, 1993 (syn. Monstrilla ciqroi (Suárez-Morales, 1993)
Monstrillopsis coreensis Lee, J., D.S. Kim & Chang, 2016
Monstrillopsis dubia (Scott T., 1904)
Monstrillopsis dubioides Suárez-Morales & Ivanenko, 2004
Monstrillopsis ferrarii Suárez-Morales & Ivanenko, 2004
Monstrillopsis fosshageni Suárez-Morales & Dias, 2001
Monstrillopsis gracile (Gurney, 1927) (syn. Cymbasoma gracile Gurney, 1927
Monstrillopsis hastata Surarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2014
Monstrillopsis igniterra Suárez-Morales, Ramírez & Derisio, 2008
Monstrillopsis longilobata Lee, J., D.S. Kim & Chang, 2016
Monstrillopsis nanus Surarez-Morales & McKinnon, 2014
Monstrillopsis paradoxa Jeon et al, 2019 [Korea]
Monstrillopsis patagonica Morales et al, 2008)
Monstrillopsis planifrons Delaforge, Suárez-Morales, Walkusz, Campbell & Mundy, 2017
Monstrillopsis pontoeuxinensis Suárez-Morales & Ustun, 2018
Monstrillopsis reticulata (Davis, 1949)
Monstrillopsis sarsi Isaac, 1975
Monstrillopsis zernowi Dolgopol'skaya, 1948
SPINOMONSTRILLA Suárez-Morales, 2019
Spinomonstrilla spinosa (Park, 1967)
Haemocera Malaquin, 1896 syn. Monstrilla Dana, 1849; Strilloma Grygier & Suárez-Morlaes, 2018 syn.Monstrilla Dana, 1849; Thaumaleus Krřyer, 1849 syn. Monstrilla Dana, 1849 ; Thaumatoessa Krřyer, 1845 syn.Thaumatohessia Giard, 1900; syn. Monstrilla Dana, 1849; Thaumatoessa Hesse, 1868 syn. Thaumatohessia Giard, 1900, accepted as Monstrilla Dana, 1849; Thaumatohessia Giard, 1900 syn. Monstrilla Dana, 1849>
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