syn. Caligoida;
Lerneopodidea CALIGIDAE Burmeister, 1835
(syn.
Eirgidae Yamaguti, 1963; Euryphoridae Wilson C.B., 1905; Euryphoridae Yamaguti, 1963; Pargulidae Shen, 1940) The Caligidae Burmeister, 1835 is the most species
rich family of parasitic copepods and, since caligid sea
lice are one of the most important health hazards for
farmed marine finfish (Johnson et al., 2004), it is of
enormous commercial importance (Boxaspen et al.,2022).The family Caligidae Burmeister, 1835 currently include 29 valid genera of which the most species-rich are Caligus Müller, 1785 and Lepeophtheirus Nordmann, 1832, with 504 species, and 30 genera (Ozac et al.,2019; Walter and Boxshall 2024, ).
KEY TO CALIGIDAE
ABASIA Wilson C.B., 1908 (syn. Alicaligus Shiino, 1955)
Abasia inflata Cressey & Cressey, 1979
Abasia pillaii Cressey & Cressey, 1979
Abasia platyrostris Pillai, 1963
Abasia pseudorostris Wilson C.B., 1908
Abasia pusilla Cressey & Cressey, 1979
Abasia tripartita (Shiino, 1955)
ALANLEWSIA Boxshall, 2008
Alanlewisia fallolunulus (Lewis, A.G., 1967)
ALEBION Krřyer, 1863 (syn. Caligera van Beneden, 1892; Platyporinus Rao, 1950)
Alebion carchariae Krřyer, 1863
Alebion crassus Wilson C.B., 1932
Alebion difficile (Beneden, 1892)
Alebion elegans Capart, 1953
Alebion fuscus Wilson C.B., 1905 (?)
Alebion glaber Wilson C.B., 1905
Alebion gracilis Wilson C.B., 1905
Alebion lobatus Cressey, 1970
Alebion maculatus Wilson C.B., 1932
Alebion pacificus Cressey, 1972
ANCHICALIGUS Stebbing, 1900 (syn. Caligulina Heegaard, 1972)
Anchicaligus nautili Stebbing, 1900
ANURETES Heller, 1865 (syn. Eirgos Bere, 1936; Heniochophilus Yamaguti & Yamasu, 1959)
Anuretes amplus Boxshall, 2018
Anuretes amymichaelae Boxshall, 2018
Anuretes anomalus Pillai, 1967
Anuretes branchialis Rangnekar, 1953
Anuretes brevis Pearse, 1951
Anuretes chelatus Prabha & Pillai, 1986 (syn. Pseudanuretes chelatus (Prabha & Pillai, 1986)
Anuretes fallolunulus (Lewis, A.G., 1967) (syn. Alanlewisia fallolunulus (Lewis, A.G., 1967)
Anuretes furcatus Capart, 1953 (syn. Lepeophtheirus furcatus (Capart, 1953)
Anuretes grandis Ho & Lin, 2000
Anuretes heckelii (Krřyer, 1863)
Anuretes hoi Prabha & Pillai, 1986
Anuretes indicus (Pillai, 1978)
Anuretes justinei Venmathi Maran, Ohtsuka & Boxshall, 2008
Anuretes menehune Lewis A.G., 1964
Anuretes occultus Ho & Lin, 2000
Anuretes parvulus Wilson C.B., 1913 (syn. Pseudanuretes parvulus (Wilson C.B., 1913)
Anuretes perplexus Bassett-Smith, 1898
Anuretes plataxi Prabha & Pillai, 1986
Anuretes plectorhynchi Yamaguti, 1936
Anuretes quadrilaterus Shiino, 1954
Anuretes renalis Heegaard, 1945 (syn. Lepeophtheirus renalis (Heegaard, 1945)
Anuretes rotundigenitalis Hameed, 1976
Anuretes rotundus Prabha & Pillai, 1983
Anuretes serratus Shiino, 1954
Anuretes shiinoi Prabha & Pillai, 1983
Anuretes similis Ho & Lin, 2000
Key to the species of the genus Anuretes
ARRAMA Dojiri & Cressey, 1991
Arrama cordata Dojiri & Cressey, 1991
Arrama tandani Dojiri & Cressey, 1991
AVITOCALIGUS Boxshall & Justine, 2005
Avitocaligus assurgericola Boxshall & Justine, 2005
Avitocaligus evoxymetoponicola Izawa, 2012
BELIZIA Cressey, 1990
Belizia brevicauda Cressey, 1990
CALIGODES Heller, 1865 (syn. Lamarckina Quidor, 1913)
Caligodes caligusus (Quidor, 1913)
Caligodes carangis Bassett-Smith, 1898 (syn. Parechetus carangis (Bassett-Smith, 1898)
Caligodes laciniatus (Krřyer, 1863)
Caligodes lamarcki Quidor, 1913 (syn. Parechetus carangis (Bassett-Smith, 1898)
Caligodes megacephalus Wilson C.B., 1905
CALIGUS Müller O.F., 1785
(syn. Caligulus Heegaard, 1962;Cresseyella Bezdek & Cressey, 2004; Midias Wilson C.B., 1911; Pargulus Shen, 1940; Pseudocaligus Scott A., 1901; Risculus Leach, 1819; Sciaenophilus Beneden, 1852; Scienophilus Beneden, 1852 (misspelling);Sinocaligus Shen, 1957. "The genus Caligus, established by O.F. Müller in 1785, is the most speciose genus within the family of sea
lice, the Caligidae. It currently comprises more than 250 species reported throughout the oceans and seas of
the world and these species utilize a very broad range of fishes as hosts, although the great majority occur on
teleosts (Margolis et al. 1975). In recent years several species have emerged as serious pests of finfish in
commercial aquaculture facilities (Johnson et al. 2004).
The complex of Caligus species referred to as the productus-group by Boxshall & Gurney (1980) is
characterised by the loss of two and the reduction or loss of the third of the three plumose setae normally
carried on the posterior margin of the distal exopodal segment of the first leg" From: Boxshall & El-Rshidi, 2004 .
Caligus (Subcaligus) Heegaard, 1943
Caligus abigailae Boxshall, 2018
Caligus abbreviatus Krřyer, 1863 (syn. Caligus centrodonti Baird, 1850)
Caligus absens Ho, Lin & Chen, 2000
Caligus acanthopagri Lin, Ho & Chen, 1994
Caligus adanensis Özak, Sakarya & Boxshall, 2019
Caligus aduncus Shen & Li, 1959
Caligus aesopus Wilson 1921 (?)
Caligus affinis Heller, 1866
Caligus afurcatus Wilson C.B., 1913
Caligus alaihi Lewis A.G., 1968
Caligus alalongae Krřyer, 1863 (?)
Caligus alepicolus Boxshall, 2018
Caligus amplifurcus Pearse, 1052 [Australia] (?)
Caligus amblygenitalis Pillai, 1961
Caligus antennatus Boxshall & Gurney, 1980
Caligus apodus (Brian, 1924)
Caligus arii Bassett-Smith, 1898
Caligus ariicolus Wilson C.B., 1928
Caligus asperimanus Pearse, 1951
Caligus asymmetricus Kabata, 1965
Caligus atromaculatus Wilson C.B., 1913
Caligus auriolus Boxshall & Barton 2023
Caligus bagri Dana, 1852 (syn. Lepeophtheirus bagri Dana, 1849
Caligus balistae Steenstrup & Lütken, 1861
Caligus belones Krřyer, 1863
Caligus benedeni Bassett-Smith, 1898 ( syn. Sciaenophilus benedeni (Bassett-Smith, 1898)
Caligus bennetti Causey, 1953 (syn. Caligus macrurus Heller, 1865)
Caligus berychis Wilson C.B., 1936
Caligus biaculeatus Brian, 1914
Caligus bicolor Lamarck, 1818 (syn. Pandarus bicolor Leach, 1816
Caligus bicycletus Heegaard, 1945
Caligus bifurcus Shen, 1958
Caligus bifurcatus Pearse, 1952 (syn. Tuxophorus caligodes Wilson C.B., 1908)
Caligus biseriodentatus Shen, 1957
Caligus bocki Heegaard, 1943
Caligus bonito Wilson, 1905 [Turkey]
Caligus branchialis of Steenstrup & Lütken, 1861 accepted as (syn. Lepeophtheirus branchialis (of Steenstrup & Lütken, 1861)
Caligus brevicaudatus Scott A., 1901
Caligus brevicaudus Pillai, 1963
Caligus brevipedis Bassett-Smith, 1896
Caligus brevis Shiino, 1954
Caligus buechlerae Hewitt, 1964
Caligus callaoensis Duran, 1980
Caligus callyodoni Prabha & Pillai, 1986
Caligus calotomi Shiino, 1954
Caligus carangis Krřyer, 1863
Caligus caudatus (Gnanamuthu, 1950) (sy. Sinocaligus caudatus (Gnanamuthu, 1950)
Caligus chamelensis Morales-Serna, Pinacho-Pinacho, Gómez & Pérez-Ponce de León, 2014
Caligus cheilodactylus Krřyer, 1863
Caligus chelifer Wilson C.B., 1905
Caligus chiastos Lin & Ho, 2003
Caligus chinglonglini Ohtsuka & Boxshall, 2019
Caligus chorinemi Krřyer, 1863
Caligus chrysophrysi Pillai, 1985
Caligus clavatus Kirtisinghe, 1964
Caligus clemensi Parker & Margolis, 1964
Caligus confusus Pillai, 1961
Caligus constrictus Heller, 1865
Caligus cookeoli Ho & Lin, 2010
Caligus cordiventris Shiino, 1952
Caligus cordyla Pillai, 1963
Caligus cornutus Heegaard, 1962
Caligus coryphaenae Steenstrup & Lütken, 1861
Caligus cossackii Bassett-Smith, 1898
Caligus costatus Shen & Li, 1959
Caligus cresseyorum Kabata, 1992
Caligus crusmae Romeo & Kuroki 1982 (?)
Caligus curtus Müller O.F., 1785
Caligus cybii Bassett-Smith, 1898
Caligus dactylopteni Uma Devi & Shyamasundari, 1981
Caligus dactylus Ho et al., 2007 [Taiwan]
Caligus dakari Van Beneden, 1892
Caligus dampieri Byrnes T., 1987
Caligus dasyaticus Rangnekar, 1957
Caligus debueni Stuardo & Fagetti, 1961
Caligus deformis Brian, 1924
Caligus diaphanus Nordmann, 1832
Caligus dicentrarchi Cabral & Raibaut, 1986
Caligus dieuzeidei Brian, 1932
Caligus digitatus Ho & Lin, 2003
Caligus dubius Scott T., 1894
Caligus dussumieri Rangnekar, 1957
Syn: Sinocaligus dussumieri (Rangnekar, 1957)
Pseudopetalus dussumieri (Rangnekar, 1957)
Caligus rivulatus Pilla, Vankara & Chikkam, 2012
Caligus elasmobranchi Boxshall, 2018
Caligus eleutheronemi Shen, 1957
Caligus elongatus Nordmann, 1832
Caligus engraulidis Barnard, 1948
Caligus enormis Wilson C.B., 1913
Caligus epidemicus Hewitt, 1971
Caligus epinepheli Yamaguti, 1936
Caligus equulae Ho & Lin, 2003
Caligus evelynae Suárez-Morales, Camisotti & Martín, 2012
Caligus eventilis Leigh-Sharpe, 1934
Caligus fajerae Morales-Serna, Oceguera-Figueroa & Tang, 2017
Caligus fistulariae Yamaguti, 1936
Caligus flexispina Lewis A.G., 1964
Caligus fortis Kabata, 1965
Caligus fronsuganinus (Shen, 1940)
Caligus fugu (Yamaguti, 1936)
Caligus furcisetifer Redkar, Rangnekar & Murti, 1949
Caligus germoi Pearse, 1951 [Bahamas] (?)
Caligus glacialis Gadd, 1910
Caligus glandifer Shiino, 1954
Caligus gracilis DEana, 1852(?)
Caligus grandiabdominalis Yamaguti, 1954
Caligus guerini Guiart, 1913
Caligus gurnardi Krřyer, 1863
Caligus haemulonis Krřyer, 1863
Caligus hamatus Heegaard, 1955
Caligus hamruri Pillai, 1964
Caligus hemiconiati Capart, 1941
Caligus hobsoni Cressey, 1969
Caligus hoplognathi Yamaguti & Yamasu, 1959
Caligus hottentotus Barnard, 1957
Caligus hyalinae Heegaard, 1966
Caligus hyalinus Czerniavski, 1868
Caligus hyporhamphi Boxshall, 2018
Caligus ignotus Ho & Lin, 2010
Caligus ilhoikimi Suárez-Morales & Gasca, 2016
Caligus inanis Ho & Lin, 2007
Caligus infestans Heller, 1865
Caligus inopinatus Kabata, 1994
Caligus irritans Heller, 1865
Caligus isonyx Steenstrup & Lütken, 1861
Caligus itacurussensis Luque & Cezar, 2000
Caligus izmiriensis Ozac et al., 2024 [Türkiye]
Caligus jawahari Hameed & Adamkutty, 1985
Caligus kabatae Cressey, 1991
Caligus kahawai Jones J.B., 1988
Caligus kajii Ohtsuka & Boxshall, 2019 (syn. Lepeophtheirus etelisi Ho, Chiang & Lin, 2008
Caligus kala Lewis A.G., 1964
Caligus kalumai Lewis A.G., 1964
Caligus kanagurta Pillai, 1961
Caligus kapuhili Lewis A.G., 1967
Caligus keralensis Özak, Demirkale, Boxshall & Etyemez, 2013
Caligus kirti Prabha & Pillai, 1986
Caligus klawei Shiino, 1959
Caligus kurochkini Kazachenko, 1975
Caligus kuwaitensis Kabata & Tareen, 1984
Caligus labracis Scott T., 1902
Caligus lacustris Steenstrup & Lütken, 1861
Caligus lagocephali Pillai, 1961
Caligus lalandei Barnard, 1948
Caligus laminatus (Rangnekar, 1955)
Caligus laticaudus Shiino, 1960
Caligus latigenitalis Shiino, 1954
Caligus latus Byrnes T., 1987
Caligus lessonius Risso, 1826
Caligus lethrinicola Boxshall & El-Rashidy, 2009
Caligus lichiae Brian, 1906
Caligus ligatus Lewis A.G., 1964
Caligus ligusticus Brian, 1906
Caligus linearis Hayes, Christison, Vaughan, Smit & Boxshall, 2021
Caligus lineatus Hayes et al. 2021 [S. Africa]
Caligus lini Ho & Cheng, 2016
Caligus littoralis Luque & Cezar, 2000
Caligus lobodes (Wilson C.B., 1911)
Caligus lolligunculae Capart, 1941
Caligus longiabdominis Shiino, 1965
Caligus longicaudatus Brady, 1899
Caligus longicaudus Bassett-Smith, 1898
Caligus longipedis Bassett-Smith, 1898
Caligus longipes (Moon & Kim I.H., 2012)
Caligus longiramus Venmathi Maran, Ohtsuka & Jitchum, 2012
Caligus longirostris Heegaard, 1962
Caligus longispinosus (Heegaard, 1962)
Caligus lunatus Wilson C.B., 1924
Caligus lutjani Ho, Lin & Chang, 2007
Caligus macarovi Gusev, 1951
Caligus macoloricola Hayes, Justine & Boxshall, 2012
Caligus macrurus Heller, 1865
Caligus madeirensis Hamdi, Hermida, Kamanli, Benmansour, Özak & Boxshall, 2020
Caligus malabaricus Pillai, 1961
Caligus mebachii Marukawa, 1927
Caligus minimus Otto, 1821
Caligus mordax Leigh-Sharpe, 1934
Caligus mortis Kensley, 1970
Caligus mugilis Brian, 1935
Caligus mulli Rodrigues, Özak, Silva & Boxshall, 2018
Caligus multispinosus Shen, 1957(?)
Caligus musaicus Cavaleiro, Santos & Ho, 2010
Caligus mutabilis Wilson C.B., 1905
Caligus nanhaiensis Wu & Pan, 1997
Caligus nataliae Boxshall, 2018
Caligus nengai Rangnekar, Rangnekar & Murti, 1953
Caligus neoaricolus Boxshall, 2018
Caligus nibeae Shen, 1957
Caligus nigeri Hameed & Pillai, 1990
Caligus nolani Longshaw, 1997
Caligus novocaledonicus Kabata, 1968
Caligus nuenonnae Andrews, Bott, Battaglene & Nowak, 2009
Caligus oculicola Tang & Newbound, 2004
Caligus ocyurus Cressey, 1991
Caligus ogawai Venmathi Maran, Ohtsuka & Shang, 2012
Caligus olsoni Pearse, 1953
Caligus omissus Cressey & Cressey, 1980
Caligus orientalis Gusev, 1951
Caligus oviceps Shiino, 1952
Caligus pagelli Delamare Deboutteville & Nuńes-Ruivo, 1958
Caligus pageti Russell, 1925
Caligus pagri Capart, 1941
Caligus pagrosomi Yamaguti, 1939
Caligus pampi Ho & Lin, 2002
Caligus paranengai Boxshall, 2018
Caligus parapetalopsis Hameed & Pillai, 1973
Caligus parvilatus Kim, 1998
Caligus parvus Bassett-Smith, 1898
Caligus patulus Wilson C.B., 1937
Caligus pauliani Nuńes-Ruivo & Fourmanoir, 1956
Caligus pectinatus Shiino, 1965
Caligus pelagicus Kurian, 1955
Caligus pelamydis Krřyer, 1863
Caligus penrithi Kensley & Grindley, 1973
Caligus pharaonis Nordmann, 1832
Caligus phipsoni Bassett-Smith, 1898
Caligus placidus Dana, 1849
Caligus planktonis Pillai, 1985
Caligus platurus Kirtisinghe, 1964
Caligus platytarsis Bassett-Smith, 1898
Caligus polycanthi Gnanamuthu, 1950
Caligus polynemi Gudivada, Vankara & Chikkam, 2021 [India]
Caligus pomacentrus Cressey, 1991
Caligus pomadasi Prabha & Pillai, 1986
Caligus praecinctorius Hayes, Justine & Boxshall, 2012
Caligus praetextus Bere, 1936
Caligus priacanthi Pillai, 1961
Caligus productus Dana, 1852
Caligus pseudokalumai Lewis A.G., 1968
Caligus pseudoproductus Capart, 1959
Caligus pseudorhombi Boxshall, 2018
Caligus pterois Kurian, 1949
Caligus punctatus Shiino, 1955
Caligus quadratus Shiino, 1954
Caligus quadrigenitalis Venmathi Maran, Ohtsuka & Shang, 2012
Caligus randalli Lewis A.G., 1964
Caligus raniceps Heegaard, 1943
Caligus rapax Milne Edwards, 1840
Caligus regalis Leigh-Sharpe, 1930
Caligus reniformis Prabha & Pillai, 1983
Caligus rivulatus Pilla, Vankara & Chikkam, 2012
Caligus robustus Bassett-Smith, 1898
Caligus rogercresseyi Boxshall & Bravo, 2000
Caligus rotundigenitalis Yü, 1933
Caligus rufimaculatus Wilson C.B., 1905
Caligus sarosensis Ozac et al., 2024 [Türkiye]
Caligus saucius Dojiri, 1989
Caligus savala Gnanamuthu, 1948
Caligus schistonyx Wilson C.B., 1905
Caligus schlegeli Ho & Lin, 2003
Caligus sciaenops Pearse, 1952
Caligus sclerotinosus Roubal, Armitage & Rohde, 1983
Caligus scribae Essafi, Cabral & Raibaut, 1984
Caligus selenecola Morales-Serna et al. 2024
Caligus sensorius Heegaard, 1962
Caligus sepetibensis Luque & Takemoto, 1996
Caligus seriolae Yamaguti, 1936
Caligus seriolicolus Boxshall, 2018
Caligus serratus Shiino, 1965
Caligus setosus Pearse, 1952 [Australia] (?)
Caligus sibogae Boxshall & Gurney, 1980
Caligus sicarius Kabata, 1984
Caligus similis Ho, Kim I.H. & Nagasawa, 2005
Caligus solea Demirkale, Özak, Yanar & Boxshall, 2014
Caligus sphyraeni Pillai, 1963 (?)
Caligus spinosurculus Pearse, 1951 [Bahamas] (?)
Caligus spinosus Yamaguti, 1939
Caligus stocki (Cressey & Cressey, 1990) (syn.Apogonia stocki Cressey & Cressey, 1990
Caligus stokesi Byrnes T., 1987
Caligus stromatei Krřyer, 1863
Caligus subparvus (Hameed, 1977)
Caligus suffuscus Wilson C.B., 1913
Caligus tanago Yamaguti, 1939
Caligus temnodontis Brian, 1924
Caligus tenax Heller, 1865
Caligus tenuicauda (Shiino, 1964)
Caligus tenuifurcatus Wilson C.B., 1937
Caligus tenuis (Beneden, 1852)
Caligus teres Wilson C.B., 1905
Caligus tetrodontis Barnard, 1948
Caligus thyrsitae Kazachenko, Korotaeva & Kurochkin, 1972
Caligus torpedinis Heller, 1865
Caligus trachynoti Heller, 1865
Caligus triabdominalis Byrnes T., 1987
Caligus triangularis Shiino, 1954
Caligus tripedalis Heegaard, 1972
Caligus truttae Giard, 1890 (nomen nudum)
Caligus tumulus Hayes, Christison, Vaughan, Smit & Boxshall, 2021
Caligus tunisiensis Hamdi, Benmansour, Zouari-Tlig, Kamanli, Özak & Boxshall, 2020
Caligus turbidus Boxshall, 2018
Caligus tylosuri (Rangnekar, 1956)
Caligus undulatus Shen & Li, 1959
Caligus uniartus (Ho, Kim I.H., Cruz & Nagasawa, 2004)
Caligus upenei Boxshall, 2018
Caligus uranoscopi Vaissičre, 1955 (?)
Caligus ventrosetosus Pearse, 1952
Caligus vexator Heller, 1865
Caligus willungae Kabata, 1965
Caligus wilsoni Delamare Deboutteville & Nunes-Ruivo, 1958
Caligus xystercus Cressey, 1991
Caligus zei Norman & Scott T., 1906
Caligus zylanica Hameed & Pillai, 1986
KEY TO SPECIES OF CALIGUS
ANCHICALIGUS Stebbing, 1900
Anchicaligus nautili Stebbing, 1900
Anchicaligus ocularis (Heegaard, 1972) (synonym according to Ho, 1980)
CARITUS Cressey, 1967
Caritus serratus Cressey, 1967
Caritus tolii Rangnekar, 1984
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