syn. Caligoida; Lerneopodidea


CALIGIDAE Burmeister, 1835

(syn. Eirgidae Yamaguti, 1963; Euryphoridae Wilson C.B., 1905; Euryphoridae Yamaguti, 1963; Pargulidae Shen, 1940)

The Caligidae Burmeister, 1835 is the most species rich family of parasitic copepods and, since caligid sea lice are one of the most important health hazards for farmed marine finfish (Johnson et al., 2004), it is of enormous commercial importance (Boxaspen et al.,2022).The family Caligidae Burmeister, 1835 currently include 29 valid genera of which the most species-rich are Caligus Müller, 1785 and Lepeophtheirus Nordmann, 1832, with 504 species, and 30 genera (Ozac et al.,2019; Walter and Boxshall 2024, ).

KEY TO CALIGIDAE


ABASIA Wilson C.B., 1908 (syn. Alicaligus Shiino, 1955)

  • Abasia inflata Cressey & Cressey, 1979
  • Abasia pillaii Cressey & Cressey, 1979
  • Abasia platyrostris Pillai, 1963
  • Abasia pseudorostris Wilson C.B., 1908
  • Abasia pusilla Cressey & Cressey, 1979
  • Abasia tripartita (Shiino, 1955)

    ALANLEWSIA Boxshall, 2008

  • Alanlewisia fallolunulus (Lewis, A.G., 1967)

    ALEBION Krřyer, 1863 (syn. Caligera van Beneden, 1892; Platyporinus Rao, 1950)

  • Alebion carchariae Krřyer, 1863
  • Alebion crassus Wilson C.B., 1932
  • Alebion difficile (Beneden, 1892)
  • Alebion elegans Capart, 1953
  • Alebion fuscus Wilson C.B., 1905 (?)
  • Alebion glaber Wilson C.B., 1905
  • Alebion gracilis Wilson C.B., 1905
  • Alebion lobatus Cressey, 1970
  • Alebion maculatus Wilson C.B., 1932
  • Alebion pacificus Cressey, 1972

    ANCHICALIGUS Stebbing, 1900 (syn. Caligulina Heegaard, 1972)

  • Anchicaligus nautili Stebbing, 1900

    ANURETES Heller, 1865 (syn. Eirgos Bere, 1936; Heniochophilus Yamaguti & Yamasu, 1959)

  • Anuretes amplus Boxshall, 2018
  • Anuretes amymichaelae Boxshall, 2018
  • Anuretes anomalus Pillai, 1967
  • Anuretes branchialis Rangnekar, 1953
  • Anuretes brevis Pearse, 1951
  • Anuretes chelatus Prabha & Pillai, 1986 (syn. Pseudanuretes chelatus (Prabha & Pillai, 1986)
  • Anuretes fallolunulus (Lewis, A.G., 1967) (syn. Alanlewisia fallolunulus (Lewis, A.G., 1967)
  • Anuretes furcatus Capart, 1953 (syn. Lepeophtheirus furcatus (Capart, 1953)
  • Anuretes grandis Ho & Lin, 2000
  • Anuretes heckelii (Krřyer, 1863)
  • Anuretes hoi Prabha & Pillai, 1986
  • Anuretes indicus (Pillai, 1978)
  • Anuretes justinei Venmathi Maran, Ohtsuka & Boxshall, 2008
  • Anuretes menehune Lewis A.G., 1964
  • Anuretes occultus Ho & Lin, 2000
  • Anuretes parvulus Wilson C.B., 1913 (syn. Pseudanuretes parvulus (Wilson C.B., 1913)
  • Anuretes perplexus Bassett-Smith, 1898
  • Anuretes plataxi Prabha & Pillai, 1986
  • Anuretes plectorhynchi Yamaguti, 1936
  • Anuretes quadrilaterus Shiino, 1954
  • Anuretes renalis Heegaard, 1945 (syn. Lepeophtheirus renalis (Heegaard, 1945)
  • Anuretes rotundigenitalis Hameed, 1976
  • Anuretes rotundus Prabha & Pillai, 1983
  • Anuretes serratus Shiino, 1954
  • Anuretes shiinoi Prabha & Pillai, 1983
  • Anuretes similis Ho & Lin, 2000

    Key to the species of the genus Anuretes
    ARRAMA Dojiri & Cressey, 1991

  • Arrama cordata Dojiri & Cressey, 1991
  • Arrama tandani Dojiri & Cressey, 1991

    AVITOCALIGUS Boxshall & Justine, 2005

  • Avitocaligus assurgericola Boxshall & Justine, 2005
  • Avitocaligus evoxymetoponicola Izawa, 2012

    BELIZIA Cressey, 1990

  • Belizia brevicauda Cressey, 1990

    CALIGODES Heller, 1865 (syn. Lamarckina Quidor, 1913)

  • Caligodes caligusus (Quidor, 1913)
  • Caligodes carangis Bassett-Smith, 1898 (syn. Parechetus carangis (Bassett-Smith, 1898)
  • Caligodes laciniatus (Krřyer, 1863)
  • Caligodes lamarcki Quidor, 1913 (syn. Parechetus carangis (Bassett-Smith, 1898)
  • Caligodes megacephalus Wilson C.B., 1905

    CALIGUS Müller O.F., 1785

    (syn. Caligulus Heegaard, 1962;Cresseyella Bezdek & Cressey, 2004; Midias Wilson C.B., 1911; Pargulus Shen, 1940; Pseudocaligus Scott A., 1901; Risculus Leach, 1819; Sciaenophilus Beneden, 1852; Scienophilus Beneden, 1852 (misspelling);Sinocaligus Shen, 1957.

    "The genus Caligus, established by O.F. Müller in 1785, is the most speciose genus within the family of sea lice, the Caligidae. It currently comprises more than 250 species reported throughout the oceans and seas of the world and these species utilize a very broad range of fishes as hosts, although the great majority occur on teleosts (Margolis et al. 1975). In recent years several species have emerged as serious pests of finfish in commercial aquaculture facilities (Johnson et al. 2004). The complex of Caligus species referred to as the productus-group by Boxshall & Gurney (1980) is characterised by the loss of two and the reduction or loss of the third of the three plumose setae normally carried on the posterior margin of the distal exopodal segment of the first leg" From: Boxshall & El-Rshidi, 2004 .

    Caligus (Subcaligus) Heegaard, 1943

  • Caligus abigailae Boxshall, 2018
  • Caligus abbreviatus Krřyer, 1863 (syn. Caligus centrodonti Baird, 1850)
  • Caligus absens Ho, Lin & Chen, 2000
  • Caligus acanthopagri Lin, Ho & Chen, 1994
  • Caligus adanensis Özak, Sakarya & Boxshall, 2019
  • Caligus aduncus Shen & Li, 1959
  • Caligus aesopus Wilson 1921 (?)
  • Caligus affinis Heller, 1866
  • Caligus afurcatus Wilson C.B., 1913
  • Caligus alaihi Lewis A.G., 1968
  • Caligus alalongae Krřyer, 1863 (?)
  • Caligus alepicolus Boxshall, 2018
  • Caligus amplifurcus Pearse, 1052 [Australia] (?)
  • Caligus amblygenitalis Pillai, 1961
  • Caligus antennatus Boxshall & Gurney, 1980
  • Caligus apodus (Brian, 1924)
  • Caligus arii Bassett-Smith, 1898
  • Caligus ariicolus Wilson C.B., 1928
  • Caligus asperimanus Pearse, 1951
  • Caligus asymmetricus Kabata, 1965
  • Caligus atromaculatus Wilson C.B., 1913
  • Caligus auriolus Boxshall & Barton 2023
  • Caligus bagri Dana, 1852 (syn. Lepeophtheirus bagri Dana, 1849
  • Caligus balistae Steenstrup & Lütken, 1861
  • Caligus belones Krřyer, 1863
  • Caligus benedeni Bassett-Smith, 1898 ( syn. Sciaenophilus benedeni (Bassett-Smith, 1898)
  • Caligus bennetti Causey, 1953 (syn. Caligus macrurus Heller, 1865)
  • Caligus berychis Wilson C.B., 1936
  • Caligus biaculeatus Brian, 1914
  • Caligus bicolor Lamarck, 1818 (syn. Pandarus bicolor Leach, 1816
  • Caligus bicycletus Heegaard, 1945
  • Caligus bifurcus Shen, 1958
  • Caligus bifurcatus Pearse, 1952 (syn. Tuxophorus caligodes Wilson C.B., 1908)
  • Caligus biseriodentatus Shen, 1957
  • Caligus bocki Heegaard, 1943
  • Caligus bonito Wilson, 1905 [Turkey]
  • Caligus branchialis of Steenstrup & Lütken, 1861 accepted as (syn. Lepeophtheirus branchialis (of Steenstrup & Lütken, 1861)
  • Caligus brevicaudatus Scott A., 1901
  • Caligus brevicaudus Pillai, 1963
  • Caligus brevipedis Bassett-Smith, 1896
  • Caligus brevis Shiino, 1954
  • Caligus buechlerae Hewitt, 1964
  • Caligus callaoensis Duran, 1980
  • Caligus callyodoni Prabha & Pillai, 1986
  • Caligus calotomi Shiino, 1954
  • Caligus carangis Krřyer, 1863
  • Caligus caudatus (Gnanamuthu, 1950) (sy. Sinocaligus caudatus (Gnanamuthu, 1950)
  • Caligus chamelensis Morales-Serna, Pinacho-Pinacho, Gómez & Pérez-Ponce de León, 2014
  • Caligus cheilodactylus Krřyer, 1863
  • Caligus chelifer Wilson C.B., 1905
  • Caligus chiastos Lin & Ho, 2003
  • Caligus chinglonglini Ohtsuka & Boxshall, 2019
  • Caligus chorinemi Krřyer, 1863
  • Caligus chrysophrysi Pillai, 1985
  • Caligus clavatus Kirtisinghe, 1964
  • Caligus clemensi Parker & Margolis, 1964
  • Caligus confusus Pillai, 1961
  • Caligus constrictus Heller, 1865
  • Caligus cookeoli Ho & Lin, 2010
  • Caligus cordiventris Shiino, 1952
  • Caligus cordyla Pillai, 1963
  • Caligus cornutus Heegaard, 1962
  • Caligus coryphaenae Steenstrup & Lütken, 1861
  • Caligus cossackii Bassett-Smith, 1898
  • Caligus costatus Shen & Li, 1959
  • Caligus cresseyorum Kabata, 1992
  • Caligus crusmae Romeo & Kuroki 1982 (?)
  • Caligus curtus Müller O.F., 1785
  • Caligus cybii Bassett-Smith, 1898
  • Caligus dactylopteni Uma Devi & Shyamasundari, 1981
  • Caligus dactylus Ho et al., 2007 [Taiwan]
  • Caligus dakari Van Beneden, 1892
  • Caligus dampieri Byrnes T., 1987
  • Caligus dasyaticus Rangnekar, 1957
  • Caligus debueni Stuardo & Fagetti, 1961
  • Caligus deformis Brian, 1924
  • Caligus diaphanus Nordmann, 1832
  • Caligus dicentrarchi Cabral & Raibaut, 1986
  • Caligus dieuzeidei Brian, 1932
  • Caligus digitatus Ho & Lin, 2003
  • Caligus dubius Scott T., 1894
  • Caligus dussumieri Rangnekar, 1957 Syn: Sinocaligus dussumieri (Rangnekar, 1957) Pseudopetalus dussumieri (Rangnekar, 1957) Caligus rivulatus Pilla, Vankara & Chikkam, 2012
  • Caligus elasmobranchi Boxshall, 2018
  • Caligus eleutheronemi Shen, 1957
  • Caligus elongatus Nordmann, 1832
  • Caligus engraulidis Barnard, 1948
  • Caligus enormis Wilson C.B., 1913
  • Caligus epidemicus Hewitt, 1971
  • Caligus epinepheli Yamaguti, 1936
  • Caligus equulae Ho & Lin, 2003
  • Caligus evelynae Suárez-Morales, Camisotti & Martín, 2012
  • Caligus eventilis Leigh-Sharpe, 1934
  • Caligus fajerae Morales-Serna, Oceguera-Figueroa & Tang, 2017
  • Caligus fistulariae Yamaguti, 1936
  • Caligus flexispina Lewis A.G., 1964
  • Caligus fortis Kabata, 1965
  • Caligus fronsuganinus (Shen, 1940)
  • Caligus fugu (Yamaguti, 1936)
  • Caligus furcisetifer Redkar, Rangnekar & Murti, 1949
  • Caligus germoi Pearse, 1951 [Bahamas] (?)
  • Caligus glacialis Gadd, 1910
  • Caligus glandifer Shiino, 1954
  • Caligus gracilis DEana, 1852(?)
  • Caligus grandiabdominalis Yamaguti, 1954
  • Caligus guerini Guiart, 1913
  • Caligus gurnardi Krřyer, 1863
  • Caligus haemulonis Krřyer, 1863
  • Caligus hamatus Heegaard, 1955
  • Caligus hamruri Pillai, 1964
  • Caligus hemiconiati Capart, 1941
  • Caligus hobsoni Cressey, 1969
  • Caligus hoplognathi Yamaguti & Yamasu, 1959
  • Caligus hottentotus Barnard, 1957
  • Caligus hyalinae Heegaard, 1966
  • Caligus hyalinus Czerniavski, 1868
  • Caligus hyporhamphi Boxshall, 2018
  • Caligus ignotus Ho & Lin, 2010
  • Caligus ilhoikimi Suárez-Morales & Gasca, 2016
  • Caligus inanis Ho & Lin, 2007
  • Caligus infestans Heller, 1865
  • Caligus inopinatus Kabata, 1994
  • Caligus irritans Heller, 1865
  • Caligus isonyx Steenstrup & Lütken, 1861
  • Caligus itacurussensis Luque & Cezar, 2000
  • Caligus izmiriensis Ozac et al., 2024 [Türkiye]
  • Caligus jawahari Hameed & Adamkutty, 1985
  • Caligus kabatae Cressey, 1991
  • Caligus kahawai Jones J.B., 1988
  • Caligus kajii Ohtsuka & Boxshall, 2019 (syn. Lepeophtheirus etelisi Ho, Chiang & Lin, 2008
  • Caligus kala Lewis A.G., 1964
  • Caligus kalumai Lewis A.G., 1964
  • Caligus kanagurta Pillai, 1961
  • Caligus kapuhili Lewis A.G., 1967
  • Caligus keralensis Özak, Demirkale, Boxshall & Etyemez, 2013
  • Caligus kirti Prabha & Pillai, 1986
  • Caligus klawei Shiino, 1959
  • Caligus kurochkini Kazachenko, 1975
  • Caligus kuwaitensis Kabata & Tareen, 1984
  • Caligus labracis Scott T., 1902
  • Caligus lacustris Steenstrup & Lütken, 1861
  • Caligus lagocephali Pillai, 1961
  • Caligus lalandei Barnard, 1948
  • Caligus laminatus (Rangnekar, 1955)
  • Caligus laticaudus Shiino, 1960
  • Caligus latigenitalis Shiino, 1954
  • Caligus latus Byrnes T., 1987
  • Caligus lessonius Risso, 1826
  • Caligus lethrinicola Boxshall & El-Rashidy, 2009
  • Caligus lichiae Brian, 1906
  • Caligus ligatus Lewis A.G., 1964
  • Caligus ligusticus Brian, 1906
  • Caligus linearis Hayes, Christison, Vaughan, Smit & Boxshall, 2021
  • Caligus lineatus Hayes et al. 2021 [S. Africa]
  • Caligus lini Ho & Cheng, 2016
  • Caligus littoralis Luque & Cezar, 2000
  • Caligus lobodes (Wilson C.B., 1911)
  • Caligus lolligunculae Capart, 1941
  • Caligus longiabdominis Shiino, 1965
  • Caligus longicaudatus Brady, 1899
  • Caligus longicaudus Bassett-Smith, 1898
  • Caligus longipedis Bassett-Smith, 1898
  • Caligus longipes (Moon & Kim I.H., 2012)
  • Caligus longiramus Venmathi Maran, Ohtsuka & Jitchum, 2012
  • Caligus longirostris Heegaard, 1962
  • Caligus longispinosus (Heegaard, 1962)
  • Caligus lunatus Wilson C.B., 1924
  • Caligus lutjani Ho, Lin & Chang, 2007
  • Caligus macarovi Gusev, 1951
  • Caligus macoloricola Hayes, Justine & Boxshall, 2012
  • Caligus macrurus Heller, 1865
  • Caligus madeirensis Hamdi, Hermida, Kamanli, Benmansour, Özak & Boxshall, 2020
  • Caligus malabaricus Pillai, 1961
  • Caligus mebachii Marukawa, 1927
  • Caligus minimus Otto, 1821
  • Caligus mordax Leigh-Sharpe, 1934
  • Caligus mortis Kensley, 1970
  • Caligus mugilis Brian, 1935
  • Caligus mulli Rodrigues, Özak, Silva & Boxshall, 2018
  • Caligus multispinosus Shen, 1957(?)
  • Caligus musaicus Cavaleiro, Santos & Ho, 2010
  • Caligus mutabilis Wilson C.B., 1905
  • Caligus nanhaiensis Wu & Pan, 1997
  • Caligus nataliae Boxshall, 2018
  • Caligus nengai Rangnekar, Rangnekar & Murti, 1953
  • Caligus neoaricolus Boxshall, 2018
  • Caligus nibeae Shen, 1957
  • Caligus nigeri Hameed & Pillai, 1990
  • Caligus nolani Longshaw, 1997
  • Caligus novocaledonicus Kabata, 1968
  • Caligus nuenonnae Andrews, Bott, Battaglene & Nowak, 2009
  • Caligus oculicola Tang & Newbound, 2004
  • Caligus ocyurus Cressey, 1991
  • Caligus ogawai Venmathi Maran, Ohtsuka & Shang, 2012
  • Caligus olsoni Pearse, 1953
  • Caligus omissus Cressey & Cressey, 1980
  • Caligus orientalis Gusev, 1951
  • Caligus oviceps Shiino, 1952
  • Caligus pagelli Delamare Deboutteville & Nuńes-Ruivo, 1958
  • Caligus pageti Russell, 1925
  • Caligus pagri Capart, 1941
  • Caligus pagrosomi Yamaguti, 1939
  • Caligus pampi Ho & Lin, 2002
  • Caligus paranengai Boxshall, 2018
  • Caligus parapetalopsis Hameed & Pillai, 1973
  • Caligus parvilatus Kim, 1998
  • Caligus parvus Bassett-Smith, 1898
  • Caligus patulus Wilson C.B., 1937
  • Caligus pauliani Nuńes-Ruivo & Fourmanoir, 1956
  • Caligus pectinatus Shiino, 1965
  • Caligus pelagicus Kurian, 1955
  • Caligus pelamydis Krřyer, 1863
  • Caligus penrithi Kensley & Grindley, 1973
  • Caligus pharaonis Nordmann, 1832
  • Caligus phipsoni Bassett-Smith, 1898
  • Caligus placidus Dana, 1849
  • Caligus planktonis Pillai, 1985
  • Caligus platurus Kirtisinghe, 1964
  • Caligus platytarsis Bassett-Smith, 1898
  • Caligus polycanthi Gnanamuthu, 1950
  • Caligus polynemi Gudivada, Vankara & Chikkam, 2021 [India]
  • Caligus pomacentrus Cressey, 1991
  • Caligus pomadasi Prabha & Pillai, 1986
  • Caligus praecinctorius Hayes, Justine & Boxshall, 2012
  • Caligus praetextus Bere, 1936
  • Caligus priacanthi Pillai, 1961
  • Caligus productus Dana, 1852
  • Caligus pseudokalumai Lewis A.G., 1968
  • Caligus pseudoproductus Capart, 1959
  • Caligus pseudorhombi Boxshall, 2018
  • Caligus pterois Kurian, 1949
  • Caligus punctatus Shiino, 1955
  • Caligus quadratus Shiino, 1954
  • Caligus quadrigenitalis Venmathi Maran, Ohtsuka & Shang, 2012
  • Caligus randalli Lewis A.G., 1964
  • Caligus raniceps Heegaard, 1943
  • Caligus rapax Milne Edwards, 1840
  • Caligus regalis Leigh-Sharpe, 1930
  • Caligus reniformis Prabha & Pillai, 1983
  • Caligus rivulatus Pilla, Vankara & Chikkam, 2012
  • Caligus robustus Bassett-Smith, 1898
  • Caligus rogercresseyi Boxshall & Bravo, 2000
  • Caligus rotundigenitalis Yü, 1933
  • Caligus rufimaculatus Wilson C.B., 1905
  • Caligus sarosensis Ozac et al., 2024 [Türkiye]
  • Caligus saucius Dojiri, 1989
  • Caligus savala Gnanamuthu, 1948
  • Caligus schistonyx Wilson C.B., 1905
  • Caligus schlegeli Ho & Lin, 2003
  • Caligus sciaenops Pearse, 1952
  • Caligus sclerotinosus Roubal, Armitage & Rohde, 1983
  • Caligus scribae Essafi, Cabral & Raibaut, 1984
  • Caligus selenecola Morales-Serna et al. 2024
  • Caligus sensorius Heegaard, 1962
  • Caligus sepetibensis Luque & Takemoto, 1996
  • Caligus seriolae Yamaguti, 1936
  • Caligus seriolicolus Boxshall, 2018
  • Caligus serratus Shiino, 1965
  • Caligus setosus Pearse, 1952 [Australia] (?)
  • Caligus sibogae Boxshall & Gurney, 1980
  • Caligus sicarius Kabata, 1984
  • Caligus similis Ho, Kim I.H. & Nagasawa, 2005
  • Caligus solea Demirkale, Özak, Yanar & Boxshall, 2014
  • Caligus sphyraeni Pillai, 1963 (?)
  • Caligus spinosurculus Pearse, 1951 [Bahamas] (?)
  • Caligus spinosus Yamaguti, 1939
  • Caligus stocki (Cressey & Cressey, 1990) (syn.Apogonia stocki Cressey & Cressey, 1990
  • Caligus stokesi Byrnes T., 1987
  • Caligus stromatei Krřyer, 1863
  • Caligus subparvus (Hameed, 1977)
  • Caligus suffuscus Wilson C.B., 1913
  • Caligus tanago Yamaguti, 1939
  • Caligus temnodontis Brian, 1924
  • Caligus tenax Heller, 1865
  • Caligus tenuicauda (Shiino, 1964)
  • Caligus tenuifurcatus Wilson C.B., 1937
  • Caligus tenuis (Beneden, 1852)
  • Caligus teres Wilson C.B., 1905
  • Caligus tetrodontis Barnard, 1948
  • Caligus thyrsitae Kazachenko, Korotaeva & Kurochkin, 1972
  • Caligus torpedinis Heller, 1865
  • Caligus trachynoti Heller, 1865
  • Caligus triabdominalis Byrnes T., 1987
  • Caligus triangularis Shiino, 1954
  • Caligus tripedalis Heegaard, 1972
  • Caligus truttae Giard, 1890 (nomen nudum)
  • Caligus tumulus Hayes, Christison, Vaughan, Smit & Boxshall, 2021
  • Caligus tunisiensis Hamdi, Benmansour, Zouari-Tlig, Kamanli, Özak & Boxshall, 2020
  • Caligus turbidus Boxshall, 2018
  • Caligus tylosuri (Rangnekar, 1956)
  • Caligus undulatus Shen & Li, 1959
  • Caligus uniartus (Ho, Kim I.H., Cruz & Nagasawa, 2004)
  • Caligus upenei Boxshall, 2018
  • Caligus uranoscopi Vaissičre, 1955 (?)
  • Caligus ventrosetosus Pearse, 1952
  • Caligus vexator Heller, 1865
  • Caligus willungae Kabata, 1965
  • Caligus wilsoni Delamare Deboutteville & Nunes-Ruivo, 1958
  • Caligus xystercus Cressey, 1991
  • Caligus zei Norman & Scott T., 1906
  • Caligus zylanica Hameed & Pillai, 1986

    KEY TO SPECIES OF CALIGUS


    ANCHICALIGUS Stebbing, 1900

  • Anchicaligus nautili Stebbing, 1900
  • Anchicaligus ocularis (Heegaard, 1972) (synonym according to Ho, 1980)

    CARITUS Cressey, 1967

  • Caritus serratus Cressey, 1967
  • Caritus tolii Rangnekar, 1984


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